On May 21, Chang Xiuze, a professor at the China Academy of Macroeconomic Research, delivered a keynote speech on "How Cities with Different Development Styles Can Integrate into the Big Picture of Development" at the Seminar on Comprehensive Development Strategies for China's Top 100 Cities in 2021, held in Beijing.

The following is the full text of the speech.

It is very interesting to participate in such a conference on the development strategies of the top 100 cities. In fact, we are faced with the question of how to set the strategies of China's diversified cities, especially in the "14th Five-Year Plan" period. Just now I listened to Ms. Tian Xiaohong's analysis of the changes between this year's top 100 cities and the previous years, which is very inspiring, with four characteristics, very interesting and dynamic. Mr. Shen Hanyao he analyzed the integration of the Yangtze River Delta, one of the dual core, Shanghai plus Su Xichang, that is, a representative of the two a piece of the band, interesting, dual-core so that adds up to almost 8 trillion. There is another interesting, he put the four provinces border, Xuzhou in the north, Quzhou in the southwest, as well as Xuancheng in Anhui, to dig out these three, is a highlight of this forum, because very few people to dig out such three places. So it's very interesting. Just now we have Mr. Zheng Xinli and Mr. Hong Yinxing gave very good speeches, and I'm going to talk about them as well in conjunction with my speech.

The title of my speech today is the integration of urban diversity into the big picture of the country, to study this model of diversity, how to integrate into the big picture. You are a hundred cities, I personally do not have so much energy, because one person, I only traveled to four of the hundred cities, and I spent two months. I started with the northeast, I researched Shenyang, and it was 23rd to enter you. This area of North China, that's taking Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and Shandong, because I'm from Shandong, I see myself as North China, because I'm in the north of Shandong, and I traveled Jinan, and I think I'm in 15th place. The Yangtze River Delta I did not go, because the Yangtze River Delta just Prof. Hong Yinxing said, the Yangtze River Delta has five universities is China's five, is five overlord, five universities, very climate, Zhejiang University, Jiaotong University, Fudan University, Nanjing University plus the University of Science and Technology of China, so that the place of the lords, heroes. I'm still looking for the small city of Yiwu, Jinhua ranked 46th.

I field research in the Greater Bay Area, that is, you list the 64th Zhongshan, from north to south, I spent two months to go to four cities, I have a little bit of right to speak, I will talk about the first question today, how the diversity of the city into the country's economic and development situation, the first question is to integrate into the country's economic and development situation. In my opinion, the development style of different cities in China can be diversified, not necessarily take a road, blossom, now or model is relatively simple, I use the style, the style should be diversified. Of course, different styles in the law, I focus on the second half of last month is the Jinhua Yiwu, that is the characteristics of their own supervision, the United Nations called it called the global wholesale center of small commodities, I put a few important data to say, it is now not to buy the whole country to sell the whole country, it is to buy the whole world to sell the whole world, it has come to such a stage. Regular area, stalls, more than 2 million kinds of goods, the United Nations awarded it called the world's largest wholesale market of small commodities, it is a county-level city, we are the top 100 cities are prefecture-level cities or more, it is more than 180 billion GDP, its own county population of more than 800,000 people, but the foreign population of 1.68 million, the resident, and this 1.68 million people, foreign businessmen settled here, marrying children 15,000 people. What are the dynamics of these 10,000 foreign businessmen living here? I visited a few, I want to find the feeling. In the course of development, Yiwu is actually expanding into other industries. It started as a business, but after it started, it is also penetrating and developing into industry and other industries. For example, selling socks, that is the initial stage, he sells socks, they also do socks, so he engaged in a very large called Longsha Socks Group, marking the development of business to build the city to the development of industrial linkage.

Not only is the domestic market, but also internationalization, last year's China-European liner from Yiwu, a small county of 974 columns, from here as a starting point, his goods to Europe 13 lines to Europe, 974 columns, what is the concept? Sino-European liner order, the first is Chongqing, the second is Xi'an, the third is Zhengzhou, these are the central municipalities, the lowest is a sub-provincial city, the fourth is Yiwu, a county-level city, can keep up with the central municipalities and sub-provincial cities, it is very simple, more than 900 columns. Engels has a famous saying, this one, research problems, collaboration, must aim at this one, this one is not that one, we are now studying the problem of defining a situation is too much. The situation is very different, we study this, what is its development path, I summarize the 16 words, the development of business and build the city, industrial linkage, integration into the overall situation, to the international community, this is his path.

Another, I ran late last month after Yiwu, and ran another center city, that is, in the 64th place in Zhongshan City, which is a prefecture-level city, there is no county, no district, directly to the townships, towns, streets, is a special feature of the prefecture-level city. His path is different, he formally put forward in the 90's industrial city, or manufacturing city, recently changed to manufacturing city, it is industrial, manufacturing as its characteristics. I went to the first time in 92 years, the latest one this year, the manufacturing industry Xing is Zhongshan Xing, manufacturing industry decline is the decline of Zhongshan, it is characterized by industry, three this industry proportion of 2%, 49.1%, 48.9%, such a city in the adherence to the manufacturing industry on the basis of a strong city, I suggest that we also need to industrial linkage, can not to the business circulation and other representatives of the development of such a modern service industry, or the overall development of the service industry, there is still room to develop this piece of space. There is still room for development in this area. Specifically I put forward a few suggestions, not today, this is for them, because some things in this city is very influential in the country, white goods, refrigerators, washing machines, etc., as well as furniture, lamps, clothing, etc., how to be able to buy and sell from the industry to the country, buy and sell globally to move forward.

There is also a variety of services, productive services development, living services, I suggest that the "14th Five-Year Plan" service industry can reach more than 50%. Such a city I also summarized the 16 words, manufacturing strong city, industrial linkage, integration into the overall situation, to the international community. From the back, we all want to industrial linkage, we all want to integrate into the overall situation, we all want to go international, but the starting point, the beginning, must be based on the actual, today I will not go into detail.

From this we are here today several friends from excellent cities, like Wuxi, Shaoxing, etc., I summarize my views, the development of the city must be based on the actual situation, to avoid one-size-fits-all. Marx has a very famous saying, the world is full of colors, he said that we do not require roses to emit the same fragrance as violets, roses and violets have their own fragrance, we must talk about a hundred flowers blossom in China today, this I feel very deep, only a hundred flowers blossom country is interesting. There is a style, the second style, the third, the fourth, for different styles, my personal opinion do not one-sidedly say who is good, who is not good, suitable for their own good, do not one-sided. Including the world's several different styles of development, I came back from Yiwu on the plane wrote three I realized the truth, first, the world's different styles of development, I said do not one-sidedly say who is good, who is not good, suitable for their own national conditions on the good. Secondly, China's development should not deliberately chase who catch up with who as the goal, beyond China's own good. I am to the community of many are friends of developing countries, developing countries do not let others imitate China, or to be modest and cautious, respect for the brotherhood of their own choices as well.

The second integration into the overall situation, into the reform of the overall situation, especially to promote the elements and market-oriented reform, because this is the next step of urban reform, as well as all aspects of the domestic, various regions of the reform, this is necessary to promote the seven elements, labor, land, knowledge, capital, technology, management, data, and now in the deployment of the middle of the day, I myself have a long paper "on the elements of the market-oriented allocation of the reform to re-explore," you to promote the Market-oriented reform itself will encounter a variety of constraints, very pleased to see that we above the factor market-oriented has attracted attention, last year, the CPC Central Committee and State Council document has been issued, now the big picture is after 40 years of China's reforms, the degree of marketization of commodities has been 97%, the liberalization of China's commodities is 97%, the hands of the central government accounted for only 3%, China is a market economy No problem. But another kind of marketization does not work, that is, factor marketization is very low, there is a place quite low. Now we have to solve the problem of low factor market and involution, rather than externalization, to urgently solve such a problem.

April 9 last year, the Central Committee under the text, the State Council of the Party Central Committee under the reform of the inside of the fourth part in particular is the factor marketization, the recent "14th Five-Year Plan" Chapter VI requirements to promote the reform of the factor market, because we encountered institutional contradictions and structural contradictions, institutional contradictions, the biggest contradiction is that the factor marketization is low, the constraints on the development of our economy. The biggest institutional contradiction is the low degree of factor marketization, which has constrained our economic development. Just now, Prof. Hong Yinxing also talked about the need for innovation, and he put forward a good concept called the innovation level, which is very good. But how to innovate now? Where are the strategic initiatives for particularly innovative development? You have to innovate must promote the market, so this is a realistic problem.

What are the things we focus on grasping? The labor market, I very much agree with Mr. Zheng Xinli said, I agree with his reform of the household registration system, the household registration system is a repression of the Chinese people systematic obstacles. I am from Shandong, I came out from the countryside, I know what the issue of household registration means to the peasants. My village a lot of very beautiful girls, when in order to go to the city to solve a hukou problem, the commission, I tell you this inside the human sadness of a lot of things, we have to stand in the position of the people to see, so I'm very much in favor of the reform of the household registration system, the labor force into the city after the household has no problem, at least now more than 5 million people let's let the city to be all liberalized. Ultimately, I estimate that it will reach an equilibrium in such a place as 10 million people, that is, the next step of the 10 million or less, all liberalization, the government control of 10 million or more than a few mega-cities or to engage in the points household, and technical evaluation and so on.

The second land market, just Director Zheng spoke very well, one is the problem of construction land, you buy in from the old farmers so cheap land, so expensive to sell to developers, farmers can account for 10%, or even less, developers 10% a few, the rest of the 7, 80% fall into the power sector, so China's finances is a large proportion of land finances, which have to be changed ah, which hides a very deep Social conflicts, unfair. So the next step is to change the land for construction. There is also a three-rights system for agricultural land, and a three-rights system for residential land, and the division of interests there is also very critical. Then there are capital market, technology market, data market, management factor market, 7 factors, 6 markets, this is to see. In the theory of factors can be separated from knowledge and technology, one more focused on the fundamentals, one focused on the practical side. But engage in the market can be combined, the next step we grasp what to engage in the name of the 6 markets, very worthy of our discussion today.

This is the official media according to the relevant documents listed a map of China's future marketization, the intention is good, so that the people know China's future to engage in how many markets. But I am very concerned about this overall framework, six markets, it only lists five markets, land, labor, capital, technology, data, omitted a very important management factors market, that is, what we all call the entrepreneurial market, this is not a conscious omission, this is very deep and deep. But if we don't have an entrepreneurial market in China, then you have a factor market that is incomplete and incomplete in my opinion.

The third aspect of integration into the big picture is integration into the big picture of modern civilization that promotes human development, the big picture of human development. The first is the big picture of economic development, the second is the big picture of reform, and the third is the big picture of human development. According to Marx, the essence of the new society is to promote the comprehensive development of modern civilization. What kind of concepts should we use in our city development to integrate into China's and mankind's civilization? I suggest that every city should hold the humanistic concepts high, at least in three aspects, one is people's livelihood, the six major issues, which are familiar to all of us, employment, distribution, education, medical care, social security, and housing. There is also the environment, just now Shen Hanyao's indicators have an environmental indicator is very important, that is, green water and green mountains, the essence of the problem is the environmental human rights, more valuable than gold and silver is the environmental human rights. There is also the protection of the people's three rights. The 19th National Congress talks about the protection of the people's personal rights, property rights and personality rights, and I went to a few places to do research, and I said that the report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China told us to integrate into the overall situation, and that we should talk about the protection of the people's three rights, the right of the people to their personal rights, the right of property, and the right of personality. Where did it say that? I said the 19th National Congress, he said it was in your book. Premier Li Keqiang in June last year to Yantai speech, to study the human capital as an important basis for credit line guarantee, which is to become a reality.

There is also significance of job invention results of property rights division problem, just now we Hong Yinxing said a little bit, Zhejiang University, Nanjing University, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Fudan, China University of Science and Technology, those technicians of the job invention results to who? We have seen some tragedies, some university professors and even vice president was arrested, I personally in 2009, the two parts into two, and now the situation has been improved, last year, the document was finally put forward to give researchers the right to ownership of the results of the long-term right to use. The future is bright, the central government's documents are very good.

I ran a lot of cities in the northeast, I spent four years hiding in the northeast, Shen Hanyao to my town to see, I hid there for four years to write this "General Theory of China's Northeast Transformation", which has some of the situation in the northeast, I gave us the Walton Institute of Economic Research for the reference of all researchers.

(Organized by the Walton Economic Institute based on the recording of Chang Xiuzhe's speech)